THE

Coin Collector s

Journal

EARLY AMERICAN MEDALS STORY AND

DESIGN OF MODERN COINS THE ROYAL MINT OF SWEDEN CURRENCY AND BANKING IN FLORIDA SANTA FE DE BOGOTA COINS OF THE WORLD

NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 1947

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Vol. 14, No. 6 New York, November-December, 1947 Whole No. 116

EARLY AMERICAN MEDALS

CAPTAIN JACOB JONES (Capture of the Frolic)

Bust of Captain Jones, in uniform, to right. In Latin: “Valor seeks difficub ties”.

Reverse — In Latin: “He quickly snatched victory from a superior enemy”. Naval action between the U. S. sloop'oL war Wasp (18 guns) and the British sloop'of-war Frolic (22 guns). The Wasp has lost her maintopmast, and is raking the Frolic as she lays on her board. The Americans are in possession of the enemy's forecastle. In exergue the abbreviated Latin reads: Between the American vessel Wasp and the English vessel Frolic, October 18, 1812.” Medal is size 40, designed by Furst.

Jacob Jones was born near Smyrna, Delaware in 1770. At the University of Philadelphia he was a medical student until 1799 when he entered the navy as a midshipman. In 1804, as a lieutenant, he was taken prisoner in the frigate Philadelphia when she was captured off Tripoli. He was commissioned master^ commandant in 1810 and for his gallant action with his ship Wasp against the British Frolic, was awarded the gold medal illustrated. Later, he commanded the Macedonian and squadrons in the Mediterranean and Pacific. He served as a member of the Naval Board and was Governor of the Naval Asylum in Phib adelphia, where he died in 1850.

CAPTAIN STEPHEN DECATUR (Capture of the Macedonian)

Bust of Captain Decatur, in uniform, facing right. In Latin: “Stephen De^ catur, a naval captain, conqueror in many battles”. Reverse — In Latin: “The enemy’s standard falls, the stars arise”. Naval action between the 44'gun U. S. frigate United States and the 49'gun British frigate Macedonian. The United

States, to leeward, is firing her port broadside; the Macedonian has lost her mizzenmast, her lore and maintopmasts, and her mainyard. In exergue, abhrevb ated in Latin: “Between the American vessel UNITED STATES and the Eng lish vessel MACEDONIAN, October 25, 1812”. Size 40. Designed by Furst.

131

November'December, 1947

Early American Medals

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132

November-December, 1947

Early American Medals

Born in Sinnepuxent, Maryland in 1779, Stephen Decatur served as a mid' shipman and lieutenant under Coni' modores Dale and Preble in the Medi' terranean. While commanding the Im trepid he destroyed the Philadelphia, off Tripoli m 1804. The Philadelphia under command of Captain Bainbridge has been rendered helpless through stnk' ing an uncharted rock, and the American crew captured and the vessel salvaged in Tripoli Harbor. Assigned to destroy this vessel which the enemy was prepar' ing to make use of, Decatur with seventy men in the small ketch Intrepid sailed into the harbor and through brave and desperate action boarded the Philadeh phia, defeated the turbaned defenders and burn the vessel. For this gallant action he was promoted to Captain. He saw much action commanding guii'boats oh Tripoli and for his action against the M acedonian was awarded the gold medal shown. In January, 1815 he left New London as commodore of The President,

but was captured by the British. The same year he sailed again for the Medi' terranean in command of a squadron, and made treaties with Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. On his return home he became a member of the naval board.

Decatur was killed in a duel with James Barron, a naval officer, who, for surrendering his vessel Chesapeake to the British ship Leopard in 1807, had been court'martialed and suspended for rive years from naval service. In 1818 a movement was started to reinstate Barron in naval duties, and the resistance of Decatur (and other officers) to this move resulted in a bitter exchange of letters between Barron and Decatur. The result was “an affair of honor" between the two on the famous duelling'ground near Bladensburg, Maryland in March, 1800. Both men were wounded, Barron severely but Decatur mortally, and he died the following day. Barron lived, and later became a senior officer in the navy.

CAPTAIN WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE (Capture of the Java)

Bust of Captain Bainbridge in uni' form, right, underneath, a star. In Latin: “William Bainbridge praised by his country and by the vanquished foe.”

Reverse— In Latin “PUGNANDO”— (In fighting). The naval action is over. The British frigate Java (49 guns) is completely dismasted while the U. S. frigate Constitutioyi (44 guns) shows only small damage in her rigging. Ex' ergue: The Latin reads: “Between the American vessel Constitution and the English vessel Java, December 29, 1812”. Medal is size 40, designed by Furst.

A native of Princeton, New Jersey, William Bainbridge at the age of sixteen

(1790) went to sea in command of a ship in the merchant service. By 1800 he had become a captain in the navy in command of the Philadelphia which was lost in action at' Tripoli. Upon his re' turn to the LInited States Captain Bain' bridge saw no naval service until 1812 when in command of the Constitution he engaged the British Java in battle and won the thanks of Congress, and a gold medal, for his gallant action. After the close of the war he twice commanded in the Mediterranean and after 1821 served ashore in various navy yards and on the Nav.d Board. He died in PhiL adelphia in 1833 and is buried in Christ church'yard.

133

November' December, 1947

STORY AND DESIGN Or MODERN COINS

BRAZIL

BRAZIL

Marshal Floriano Peixoto, whose por- trait appears on the 2000 reis piece of 1039, was one of the prominent figures of the revolution which changed Brazil from an Empire to a Republic. In the latter years of the reign of Dom Pedro II, Marshal Peixoto held a high position in the army and was invited to become a member of the last' Imperial Cabinet as Minister of War. However, Peixoto had always been a liberal with strong republican leanings and he joined the revolutionary movement of General De- odora. As first Vice President of the new republic he was instrumental in shaping its policies during the first criti- cal months and when Deodoro resigned in November 1891 under bitter criticism, Peixoto took over the chief magistracy. His initial acts as President provoked a storm of opposition and incited a re- volt of the Navy. However, he weathered the storm and in 1894 reliquished his olfice to the regularly elected President. Although a controversial figure, Peixoto rendered great service to Brazil by con- solidating a regime which, under his predecessors was threatened with dis- solution and disintegration. Many of his acts and policies as chief executive have been questioned but his voluntary retirement I mm the political field at the height of his personal power is proof that his ultimate goal was the establishment ol a strong and great nation.

Although our South American neigh- bors appear to be preoccupied with politics, literature is by no means a neglected art. The most celebrated Brazilian writer of the 19th century was Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908), whose centennial was ob- served by the issue of this 500 reis coin in 1939. No writer ol South America embraces as much and as varied territory as this great Brazilian. He was a true artist of the novel, a creator of charac- ters, gifted with a singular deftness of psychological detail, a refined sense of humor and a limpid style. Machado de Assis has been called the novelist of the reign of Dom Pedro II although after the abdication he continued to create works which reflect the several changes that came with the republic.

In addition to his nine great novels

CO

he published several volumes of poems, essays, plays and short stories. The most important of his works are laid Garcia, M emorias postumas de Bras Cubas, guineas Barba and Don Cds- murro, some parts of which have been translated into English. In the past the work of the Brazilian has received little attention from North American critics but in recent years he has been redis- covered in a sense and recognized as the founder of a truly national literary school.

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November-Dccember, 1947

STORY AND DESIGN OE MODERN COINS

HUNGARY

This 2 Pengo piece was issued on the 200th anniversary of the death of Francis (II) Rakoczy, one of the greatest of Magyar heroes. He was born in 1676 of a noble Hungarian family and spent his boyhood with his mother in an ultra patriotic Magyar environment. At the age of twelve when his family lost its fortune and its ancestral seat he was sent to Vienna to be brought up as an Austrian magnate. His birth, rank, wealth and brilliant qualities made him a natural leader of the Hungarian peoples and in time he became identified with the insurrectionary movements of the period. On the eve of the War of the Spanish Succession he sought assist' ance of Louis XIV but his plot was be' trayed to the Emperor and he was ini' prisoned. Making a dramatic escape, he took to the field against the Imperial armies in 1703. Want of arms, money and trained officers and men together wi th 1 ack of effective aid from his foreign allies made any sort of permanent success impossible. In 1708 his army was routed at Trenczen and a fresh attempt to re' new hostilities in 1710 brought on aiv other disaster. In 1711 he quitted his native country after declining an offer of amnesty made by the Emperor. For the remainder of his life he lived in exile and died in April 1735.

HUNGARY

In memory of the brilliant Hungarian musician, Franz Liszt (1811' 1886), this 2 pengo piece was issued on the 50th anniversary of his death. The appeal of Liszt to the world of music and to the world at large was made in a three' fold capacity — Liszt, the unrivalled pianoforte virtuoso; Liszt, the conduc' tor, teacher and writer; and Liszt, the prolific composer. As a pianist he held his own for the entire period during which he chose to appear in public and he was greeted everywhere he performed with adulation and frantic applause. From 1848 until 1861 he settled at Weimar conducting at the court and also giving instruction to many promitv ent pianists. He began to write articles of musical criticism and essays on music which helped to introduce many aspim ing composers to the public. He was ambitious to found a school of pianists and composers and his efforts along these lines were rewarded with a considerable measure of success. During these years the first of his own musical composi' tions was introduced to the public and until his death his musical works coil' tinued to pour forth in an unending stream. He tried his hand at most forms of composition and has left us piano' forte pieces, songs, symphonic orchestral pieces, cantatas, masses and other musical pieces, all of a uniform excellence.

November'December, 1947

35

THE ROYAL MINT OF SWEDEN

By ERNST LOWENHIELM

In the early days, the idyllic town of Sigtuna, situated on Lake Malaren in Sweden, was the residential capital tor Swedish royalty. Nowadays Sigtuna is not a significant town, hut it was here that the first Swedish mint was built, and in the years 1016' 1059 this mint stamped coins tor Kings Olof Skotkonung and Anund Jakob. These coins were of a quite artless character, being stamped with various symbols in the center, and having an inscription all around. The names appearing on such coins are in all likelihood those of the coin-makers, since no masters are known of that period. In 1050 the minting was dis- continued and was not resumed else- where until 1170 when King Knut Erik- sson ordered the building of a mint in Vasteras.

Was it then possible to live without coins in Sweden at th.it time? Certainly not! One used coins ol many different

mmtings ol many different countries, as numerous findings to this day are wit- ness. The most recent find of such coins was made during the harvesting of a sugarbect crop in Oland during Novem- ber, 1946. The find consisted of 5 5 Roman solidii from 400-500 A.D.

Vasteras was in oldentimes called Aros, and King Knut Ericksson’s coins are provided with the locality mark “Aros”. Here also coins were stamped for the reigning princes Sten Sture the Older, Johan II, Svante Sture and Sten Sture the Younger. The first mint master who is mentioned is Conradus in the year 1315. Another is Cornelius Jakob- sson (1480-1512.) Later in Aros “orti- gar”, “halvortigar" and “pennigar ' (one mark, half mark and 2 Ore) wer£ stamped, but the minting stopped during the reign of Gustav Wasas in 1540.

During the course of time, mints have been founded on no less than twenty-

136

November- December, 1947

The Royal Mint of Sweden

seven different places in the country, and moreover at seven different places in the capital. In the old days, a mint was sometimes built where the metal was mined, for example at Sala and Falun, respectively silver and copper mines, or where a waterfall afforded cheap energy, such as at Avesta on the Dalalven. At the present time there is hut one mint in Sweden — The Royal Mint situated in Stockholm on the Mah aren, as was Sigtuna.

The Swedish mint has had a succes- sion of prominent mint-engravers, the three latest may he mentioned, namely, Lea Ahlborn, Adolf Lindberg, and Erik Lindberg, the last two mentioned having been given the honour and dignity of a professor. Erik Lindberg was the son of Adolf Lindberg and was some years ago succeeded by his pupil Leo Holm- gren. The workshops are supervised by the superintendent-engineer Nils Wahlenberg, who has an engineer-assist- ant and five foremen. At the Royal Mint thirty-two workmen are engaged. The position of chief of the mint is held by Mintdirektor Swensson.

Since 1932 an electric melting pot has been used for melting the metals. This takes about 100 kg. of metal which melts at a temperature of 1.000—1.100 degrees Centigrade. Six such pots are melted every day, supervised by two shifts of workmen. When the metals have been melted, the alloy is poured in form (kokills). At the pouring one obtains “tens” about 52 x 6 x 1 cm. The dimensions vary a little for the different kinds of coins. These “tens” are flattened to precise thickness and the flans are cut out. They are then stamped in five coining presses. One very old machine is used in the mint. This machine was invented and manufactured by D. Uhlhorn in Grevenbroich bei Coin am Rhein in 1857, according to a plaque on the machine. It is used for the mint- ing of large coins, producing 65 a minute. The other machine is manu- factured by the joint stock company

Schuler, Goppingen, and was purchased in 1930, and produces 90 coins a minute. All Swedish coins are char- acterized by peculiar accuracy. When the coins are finished they are counted on a ciphering board and at the same time examined on both sides in order that no defective coins are put into circula- tion. Thereafter they are weighed under the supervision of a public servant be- fore they are placed in sacks. Gold coins are not circulated at present. Silver and bronze coins are calculated to circulate about fifty years. Even today one some- times finds an old “enkrona” of 1875 (the first year of the current coins) in circulation.

In the year 1942 silver coins of a lower standard were minted. The reason for this was partly lack of silver, partly increased demand for small money. This resulted in a troublesome demand for coins that as yet, in spite of the ending of the war and enormous mintings dur- ing the recent years, has not abated. As an explanation of this situation, one supposes that good times, low interest, hard taxation on income and inherit- ances, have all combined to impel many people to collect ringing coins on the bottom of a chest.

Coin Denominations of Swedish Mints

16th Century: ortug, ore, riksdaler, makr.

17th Century: ore, fyrk, mark, salvator- daler, dukat, daler solff mynt and daler silt mynt.

18th Century: dukat, daler silf mynt and skilling (coppercoin) and also the great square coppercoins (10- daler silvermynt) the weight of which could be as much as 19,700 kg.

19th Century: dukat, daler, skilling, riksdaler, ore, krona.

Current coins:

Gold: 90% gold, 10% copper 20, 10, 5 kronor.

( Continued on page 141)

November-December, 1947

137

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENCY AND

BANKING IN FLORIDA

By FRED R. MARCKHOFF

( Continued from previous Journal)

4. Currency and Banking in Florida Under the Confederacy, 1861-1865.

War and secession in 1861 called for a rapid hut complete revision of financ' ing, and no time was lost in providing it. Legislators approved a $500,000. issue of State Treasury notes in 8 denomina' tions, from $1 to $100, on Feb. 14, 1861. One authority states that from October to December, 1861, $288,000. in $l’s; $23,758. in $2's and $13,362. in $3’s were put into circulation. A secondary source of revenue was found in 20 year 89c Bonds, but these were mainly of high denominations and were not popu' lar.

Early in 1861 five of the leading banks received increased capitalizations. The money realized went directly into the State Treasury, with public lands pledged as security for stockholders.

Sensing the all important need of sustaining the value of State Treasury notes, Legislators decreed that the circu' lation of solvent banks which received these State notes at par, would be re- ceived at full value for all taxes. State taxes on such banks was suspended. Banks not accepting the State notes at par were forbidden to issue notes of less than $20. value.

In 1861 the three main currencies in Florida were bank notes, State Treasury notes and “railroad change bills. The latter were issued mainly by railroads in denominations up to $1. Although not legal tender, they were paid out to who' ever would accept them and in turn were receivable for all railroad dues. In most cases they were willingly accepted. By Dec. 1861, bank note circulation was $1 16,252, backed by $55,071. in specie.

A Dec. 1861 law rendered illegal all company or corporation bills of less than $5. except “rairoad money” change bills

At the same time corporations were allowed to pay out these railroad bills for their obligations. Banks were authorized to “suspend specie payments from the first day of Jan. 1862 until 12 months after the close of the present war.” This merely legalized an action most banks had taken even before the war began.

By mid' 1862 Confederate State notes made their appearance in great numbers. The effect was immediate. People hoarded State Treasury notes, which were secured by public lands, and spent' only the Con' federate issues. The latter was all that flowed into the State Treasury and other taxing bodies. The State notes were used mainly to purchase land, which prior to late 1862, had been purchasable only with gold or silver.

A Dec. 1862 law prohibited issuance of fractional currency by any person or corporation without express authoriza' tion of law. This resulted in cities issuing fractional scrip with State approval. Tallahassee and Pensacola were among the first to do so. The latter was author' ized to issue 5c, 10c, 25c and 50c notes, up to $2 5,000. value. Each city was to redeem its bills or receive them in pay' ment of dues within 12 months after the war's end.

By late 1862 bank notes had practic' ally disappeared from circulation. Their place was taken by Confederate notes, which appeared in ever growing amounts. The story of money in Florida from 1863 to 1865 is but a study of State and Con' federate issues.

Accurate data on the Florida State Treasury notes is difficult to find. Air thorized amounts of an issue were oj^ten exceeded. Records of circulation were kept by fiscal years, even though an authorized issue was often placed in cir' dilation over several fiscal years. Fob lowing, however, is a list of each au'

138

November'December, 1947

The Development of Currency and Banking in Florida

■

Si«M

DOLLARS

/ // «*///,///

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it ITER jt l.Vtyi&H.

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thorued Act, the amount and purpose of each issue:

Act of Feb. 1861— $500,000.

This was the original issue to provide legal tender for the State. Dated Oct. 10, 1861.

Act of Dec. 1861— $500,000.

For payment of War Tax to Con-

federate Government. Dated Jan. 1 1862.

Aet of Dec. 1862 $300,000.

Same as first issue; an additional print- ing thereof. Dated Oct. 10, 1861.

Act of Dec. 1862— $300,000.

Expressly for relief of soldiers’ fam- ilies; re-issue made.

139

November-December, 1947

The Development of Currency and Banking in Florida

$200,000. to provide more fractional hills. Dated Feb. 2 or March 1, 1863.

Act of Dec. 1863— $300,000.

For further relief of soldiers' families. Dated March 1, 1864.

Act of Dec. 1864 $350,000.

For general relief; public lands ex' pressly pledged for redemption. Dated Jan. 1, 1865.

TOTAL $2,450,000.

An interesting sidelight on these figures reveals that the second $300,000. notes printed by Act of Dec. 1862 were divided as follows: $50,000. in fractional cur- rency; $30,000. in each of $1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 denominations; $25,000. in each of $20's and $50's; and $50,000. of $ 100’s. The Governor, however, declared too many large bills had been printed and the $20's and $50's were not circulated. An entire new issue was printed of frac' tional bills, bearing Feb. 2, 1863 date, many printed on the backs of broken bank curency.

By 1864 inflation and hard times were permanent factors to consider. Circm lation on Oct. 31, 1864 was $1,103/ 622.07, an increase over 1863. As the conflict drew closer to Florida’s borders Confederate notes were about the only circulating currency and these were utv der heavy discount.

The issue dated Jan. 1, 1865 was in $40,000. of $50's; $120,000. of $ 100's, and $190,000. of $500’s. A difficult to explain issue was also made in April, 1865, when $363,500. of $50's was printed. The January issue is recorded as having been sent to the Governor for signature but there is no record of how many went into circulation. The fever' ish activity and uncertainty caused by the approaching armies is believed re' sponsible for these actions. Most of the later notes were presumably destroyed to prevent capture.

Authorized State Treasury note issues of seceded Florida reached $2,450,000, of which it is stated $2,239,640. was put

into circulation. This figure seems high in view of the great scarcity of the 1865 issue and probably includes unauthorized increases of various issues. $1,800,0U0. of these notes were outstanding on May, 1865. Of the $500,000. Bonds printed, $300,000. were sold. After the war, State Treasury notes and bonds were necessarily repudiated as part of an illegal debt.

7. Reconstruction Currency and Bank- ing in Florida, 1865-1873.

The immediate post war period was one of unrest and economic distress. The commercial and political situation left little need for currency or banks, ah though new State Constitutions of 1865 and 1868 contained banking clauses similar to the pre-war Constitution, ex' cept that currency issues were forbidden.

No banks were chartered between 1862 and 1869. In 1868 Gov. Reed vetoed a "Florida Savings Bank”, claim' ing it was an out of State attempt to control finances. Large commercial financ' ing when needed was supplied by New York firms, such as Jay Cooke 6? Co., N. Y. Warehouse & Security Co., Soulter C Co. and others.

St.ite, city and county governments issued warrants during this period to pay wages, dues, etc. With incoming revenue very low it was an unavoidable action. This scrip became the common circulating medium of all classes. It was receivable at full value only for taxes. Amount of this scrip in use jumped from $57,492.32 in 1868 to $563,524.89 by Jan. 1, 1872.

The first post war charter granted was to the Escambia Banking, Building & Loan Association of Pensacola in 1870. Its purpose was to make real estate loans, without privilege of circulation. Flow' ever, this enterprise and the Planters LcJan & Trust Co. of Pensacola chartered in 1872 never got beyond the organization stage.

A few private banks operated on a small scale. These included Anderson,

140

November'December, 1947

The Development of Currency and Banking in Florida

Hyer 6? Co. of Pensacola, 1865; D. G. Ambler of Jacksonville, 1868; H. S. Dewey of Jacksonville, 1872; H. F. Dut- ton Co. of Gainesville, 1873, and pos- sihly Judah & Le Baron of Pensacola.

6. Early National Banking in Florida,

1874-1882.

By 1874 Florida had recovered suffi- ciently to warrant chartering of the First National Bank of Jacksonville, on Aug. 24, 1874, Charter No. 2174. It actually opened lor business, Sept. 26, 1874. Gen. T. W. C. Moore and his son-in-law, F. C. Spinner, the U. S. Treasurer, were interested, the former as its President. It went into receivership on March 14, 1903.

On Oct. 12, 1874 D. G. Ambler chartered the Ambler National Bank of Jacksonville, Charter No. 2194. Ambler, however, voluntarily liquidated on Dec.

7, 1874 with no circulating notes out- standing. He later returned to private banking. The third national charter in Florida was the First National Bank of Pensacola, opened Aug. 10, 1880, under Charter No. 2490. It' went into receiver- ship on Jan. 22, 1914.

Only $57,000. of First Charter Period currency was issued by the 3 Florida national banks, 2 of which were still active on Nov. 1, 1882. National bank- note circulation was only $27,000, in 1875 and $40,800. in 1876. Early Flor- ida national bank notes are very scarce collector items today.

The banking law of 1889 introduced a

new liberal era in Florida and all types of banks increased in numbers thereafter. The State Savings Bank of Tallahassee was the first to open under this new law in 1889.

The writer would like to thank W. T. Cash of the Florida State Library Board; J. C. Yonge of the University of Florida and Alberta Johnson of the Florida His- torical Society for their co-operation. For other data on this subject see Wis- mer’s Feb. 1923 article in the Numis- matist, State Bank Notes by Muscalus and Confederate and Southern State Currency by Bradbeer, reprint by Green.

THE ROYAL MINT OF SWEDEN

( Continued from page 137)

Silver: Before 1942; 5 kronor (90% silver), 2, 1 krona (80% silver), 50, 25 ore (60% silver), 10 ore (40 /V silver) the rest copper. After 1942: 5, 2, kronor, 1 krona, 50, 25, 10 ore, all containing 40% silver, 50% copper, 5% nickel and 5 % zinc.

Copper: 5, 2, 1 ore (95% copper, 4% tin, 1% zinc).

Nickel: 5 0, 25, 10 ore (25% nickel and 75% copper).

Iron: 5, 2, 1 ore (pure iron).

The obverse of the coins of high value up to and including 1907 bear the por- trait of King Oscar II and thereafter that of King Gustav V, who is now 89 years old.

HISTORICAL VALUE OF LOWLY MASSACHUSETTS COPPER

When considering numismatics as an aid to historians and other scholars we usually visualize ancient coins buried in the rubble of long forgotten village sites. However, Clarence L. Andrews, in his book “The Story of Alaska” relates on page 52 how two insignificant little Massachusetts coppers gave valuable in- formation to a trader visiting the north- west' coast of America years ago. He

states “Etienne Marchard, in the ship Sohde, entered Sitka Sound on August 12, 1791, anchored his ship in Krestof Bay,***to trade with the Sitkas. He was not fortunate in his bargaining for other traders had been there before him. In the ears of one young man he saw two copper coins of Massachusetts, worn as pendants, showing that the Yankee trad- ers had preceded him”.

November-December, 1947

141

His r a n o A m eric an a

N°4 ENLARGED

SANTA PE DE BOGOTA MINT — NR.

142

Novcmber-Decemhcr, 1947

The Early Coinage in Silver of fhe Santa Fe de Bogota Mint

The earliest silver coins from the Santa Fe de Bogota mint in the Spanish Colonial viceroyalty of New Granada (now Colombia) were struck during the reign of Philip IV. The history of the mint in its early days, and the date of its foundation are shrouded in mystery. J. T. Medina states that there is no knowledge of when the mint there started operation.

The coins are known by few examples during the reigns of Philip IIII, Charles II, and Philip V, but no collection known to the writer contains anything like a complete series, in fact it is unusual for a collector or a museum to own more than one or two pieces. Herrera in "El Duro” catologs only four ex- amples of the 8 reales denomination divided between the three reigns, a period of 125 years. Herrera could End but' one record of an 8 reales piece for Charles II reign, the Fonrobert piece of 1690, and was forced to use the drawing of it as his illustration in "El Duro”. None of the other large cob lections Herrera consulted owned a single piece. Lucky indeed is the collec- tor today who has one piece in his cabinet.

One of the first parts of the American continent visited by the Spanish naviga- tors was the coast of Colombia. As early as 1508 the Spanish Crown granted land in this region and small settle- ments were made on the coast.

Santa Marta at the mouth of the Magdalena River, which flows north- ward into the Caribbean Sea, was found- ed by Rodrigo de Bastidas in 1 525. It became a center for missionaries and also considerable trade. Santa Marta was also the entry-port of the expedition of Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, who made his way inland by the Magdalena River, reached the highlands of Bogota by foot and horse and founded the rich Spanish realm of Nueva Reino de Granada. In

April 15 36, that memorable year that saw the founding of the first mint in America at Mexico City, Quesada led a large and well-fitted expedition in five good ships southwards up the Magdal- ena.

When the ships had to be abandoned, Quesada an unsurpassed leader, took his men south over land fraught with danger from disease, Indians and other perils. In spite of this the party reached the cool and beautiful highlands of Bogota with 166 men and 59 horses. The Chibcha Kingdoms put up a brave fight against the invaders, but knights in armor, cavalry and above all firearms, could not be resisted for long by native weapons. By the end of January 1538 the conquest' of the Chibehas was an accomplished fact. Booty mostly in gold and emeralds was taken amounting to about $550,000 in value.

On August 6, 15 38 Jimenez de Ques- ada founded the city of Santa Fe de Bogota, named after his birthplace and the southern capital of the Chibcha’s, Bacata. The city became the capital of the Viceroyalty of Nuevo Granada and when Quesada’s forces were joined by a party of Spaniards led by Sebastian de Benalcazar from the direction of Quito and another party from the direc- tion of Venezuela, led by Nicholas Fcder- man, an employee of the Welsers, the parties merged and so consolidated Span- ish power in the new viceroyalty.

Treasure for Spain traveled overland by mule trail from Bogota to San Bar- tolome de Honda, on the west bank of the Magdalena River, 580 miles above its mouth at Santa Marta. From Honda the gold, silver and emeralds were car- ried by small boats or canoes to the Caribbean, where they were transferred via Santa Marta and Cartagena to await the annual plate fleet for Spain. "Here ye flota gathers to hasten ye King’s treasure to Old Spaine” reads the spot on

November-December, 1947

143

Hispano American a

an ancient map made tor the benefit of sea-rovers who laid in wait for the treasure galleons.

Workmen clearing up the river bank in August 1935, found a bucket of 2 escudo gold pieces which appeared to be from the mint during the time of Philip III. The Banco de la Republica acquired part of this hoard for the National Coin Collection and they were illustrated and described in The Coin Collector's Journal Vol. IV. Pg. 64. But the gold pieces are another story.

The Philip IV silver pieces are known in denominations of 1, 2, 4 6? 8 reales. The 8 reales pieces have been noted for the years 1656, 165 7, 1662 and 1665, and no doubt they exist tor other years. They show the crowned shield of Castile, Leon and Granada between a pattern ot 6 dots (on the 1656 piece) or be- tween the Roman numeral VIII. (ver- tically) and a stylized pomegranate (on the Salbach Coll. No. 2900 piece). The lions are highly ornate and look almost like dragons, entirely ot a different de- sign from any of the other Spanish Colonial mints. The reverse of the 8 reales pieces shows the crowned Pillars of Hercules, based in waves, with the motto PLVS/VL TRA in three lines, above and between the crowns on the pillars, and NR, between the pillars at the base. The NR is the mint mark tor Nueva Reino, and not as Herrera in “El Duro” interpreted it, tor Nicaragua. At the left of the pillars, vertically and reading upwards is P°RS, the meaning ot which is unknown to this writer. At the right of the pillars and reading downwards vertically is the date. The legends on all these coins seldom appear as the blanks are either small or irregu- lar cobs but they read PHILIPPVS. IIII. D.G. on the obverse and HISPANI- ARVM. ET. INDIARVM. REX on the reverse as far as can be distinguished. (See Nos. 1 &* 2 on plate) The Sal- bach piece, which is also listed in “El Duro” as No. 792, is counterstamped on the reverse with the toison d or or Golden Fleece as legal tender in the Spanish Netherlands.

Only one example of Philip IV, of four reales denomination has been noted and that is the American Numismatic Society Museum piece illustrated here as No. 3.

Of the Philip IV, 2 reales, two are catalogued. Vidal Quadras y Ramon shows a rubbing of his No. 8624 as Illustration 5 on Plate 49. The date is not readable. The other in Monedas hisjoano 'Am eric anas by J. T. Medina as No. 303 is dated 1665 and belonged in the Coll. Senor Vazquez in Guatemala.

The possibly unique example of a 1 real piece of Philip IV appeared this year and is shown as No. 4. It is well struck but the reverse is not centered on the blank. The motto was evidently shortened to P L V, divided by the pillars. At the top between the crowns the pomegranate is shown, which is rather misleading as it looks like an Arabic numeral 2. The denomination however is on the obverse at the right ot the shield. The shield is so crowded by lions and castles, that the die maker could not include the pomegranate and so put it on the reverse of the coin be- tween the crowns on the pillars.

One-half reales of this mint tor the periods of Philip IV, Chas. II or Philip V have not been located by the writer.

The Charles II silver coinage is also rare in this series. The author has been able to trace only the following: 8 reales pieces of the years 1667, 1668, 1670 (shown as No. 5), and 1690: two examples of 4 reales dated 1676 and 1693. And none of the 2 r., 1 r., or Zl reals tor this reign have been noted in any published or known collections which the writer has seen.

Of Philip V scries tor this mint, the writer has never seen an example. Her- rera in El Duro shows an 8 reales from the Madrid Mint collection on Plate XVIII, No. 6 and Medina shows one dated 1721 and another 1722. Adams in the Guttag Catalog showed one as No. 1186, but the date was evidently double struck and it is listed as 165 5 under Philip IV, although the coin is Philip V style. A photograph of a fine

November-December, 1947

144

Hispano American a

piece dated 1702 is shown here as No. 6. It will he noted that there has been a change in the design of the various parts ot the die but the general design is the same as that of the earlier reigns.

No 4 reales of Philip, nor 1 real nor Zl real pieces have been traced.

Medina shows a 2 real piece dated 1722, and D. Antonio Vives mentions a 2 reales dated 1724.

There must be many more pieces from this mint in existence. They seldom come up at auction and it is doubtful that there exist more than a few scattered here and there among collections which have not been catalogued. Sr. Humberto Burzio of Buenos Aires in his recent book on the Potosi mint mentions a Don Jose Prieto de Salazar as the founder of the mint at Santa Fe in 1718 and says that he was tesorero blanquecedor explaining that he was so-called, as in addition to serving as tesorero he was also granted the duties of blanquecedor (“an officer employed at the mint to blanch, clean and polish the coin” says the dictionary) .

The Santa Fe Mint did not issue the “two hemisphere” or “Pillar dollar” which the Mexico City Mint started to coin in 1732, until the reign of Ferdin. VI.

CORRECTION

In the May'June issue of the JOUR' NAL full credit for the design of the Ellsworth'AmundseivNobile medal which commemorated the polar flight of the dirigible Norge was given to Mr. John R. Sinnock, whereas his design was used only on the obverse of this medal. Mr. Adam Pietz, at the time the medal was issued (1930) was assistant engraver at the U. S. Mint, and created the de' sign used on the reverse of this medal. Our incomplete information on the de' sign of this medal was taken from a Treasury dispatch which failed to give the whole story of the design.

COMPLETE SET OF LINCOLN CENTS

1909—1946

All dates and mintmarks. 107 pieces

All ot the coins in this set are uncirculated. The scarce dates and mintmarks are as nice in color and sharpness as they are obtainable. The 1909 S VDB and 1914 D are both red. A few of the other scarce ones have the usual reddish bronze toning which is the only way they ever appear. All other pieces are mint red. This desirable set is housed in a National Coin Album with space left for nineteen forthcoming cents.

Price £175.00

COMPLETE SET OF WASHINGTON QUARTERS

1932—1946

All dates and mintmar\s. 40 pieces.

All brilliant uncirculated and choice made up right out of the original rolls. Several dates and mintmarks are becoming increasingly difficult to find in strictly uncirculated condition. By purchasing a complete set, you eliminate the almost fruitless search for the individual pieces which are usually “out ot stock”. Housed in a National Coin Album.

Price £85.00

November- December, 1947

145

COINS OF THE WORLD

BELGIUM

A Royal Decree of November 10, 1 0 3 8 authorized the striking of a new series ot coins tor Belgium. Nickel pieces ot 5 francs, 1 franc and 50 cen- times were to have the following for their reverse types:

5 francs shields ot the provinces ot Brabant, West Flanders and Hain- aut.

1 franc shields ot the provinces ot Anvers (Antwerp), Limbourg and Namur.

5 0 centimes shields ot the provinces ot Fast Flanders, Liege and Luxem- bourg.

Just before the new coins were to be introduced into circulation it was dis- covered that the arms of the provinces which composed the reverse types did not correspond with the description of the pieces in the version of the Royal Decree as published in the Official Moni- teur. In order to legalize the issue it was necessary to promulgate another Royal Decree of December 5, 1938 alter- ing the reverse types as originally an- nounced. In accordance with the amend- ed decree the following pieces were minted.

Obverse of .ill pieces: Belgian lion, value to right, date below.

5 Fr. (CW 35). Reverse: Shields of the provinces of Brabant, Anvers, and Liege. Dated 1938, 1939.

1 Fr. (CW 36). Reverse: Shields of the provinces of West Flanders, Namur and Limbourg. Dated 1939, 1940.

50 Centimes. Reverse: Shields of the provinces of Hainaut, East Flanders and Luxembourg. The 50 centime piece was never put into circula- tion. The first issues were ready for distribution in 1940 but the invasion of Belgium intervened and the pieces were withdrawn.

The pieces were engraved by Wynants.

The copper-nickel lower denomina- tions authorized by the same Decree bore the shields ot provincial capital cities as their reverse types.

Obverse of all pieces: Crowned mono- gram of Leopold III, date below.

2 5 Centimes (CW 37). Reverse: Shields of the cities of Bruges, Brussels, and Mons. Dated 1938, 1939.

10 Centimes (CW 38). Reverse: Shields of the cities of Anvers, Hasselt and Namur. Dated 1938, 1939.

5 Centimes (CW 39). Reverse: Shields of the cities of Arlon, Gand (Ghent) and Liege. Dated 1939, 1940.

The copper nickel pieces were en- graved by Jespers.

146

November-December, 1947

Coins of the World

The 50 Franc silver piece authorized by Royal Decree of January 1 1, 1939 also bears a series of shields as its re- verse type.

50 Francs (CW 34)

Obverse: Head of Leopold, left. Date below.

Reverse: Under a royal crown, the shields of the nine provinces of West Flanders, East Flanders, An- vers, Limbourg, Brabant, Hainaut, Namur, Luxembourg, and Liege. Dated 1939, 1940.

The piece was engraved by Rau.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

We have been informed of these re- cent issues.

2 korona (copper nickel). Picture of Janosik and value. Authorized by Law 78/ 1947.

1 korona (copper nickel). Similar to CW No. 16 but diameter reduced from 25 m/m to 21 m/m. Author- ized by Law 73/ 1946.

50 haleru (bronze). Two sheaves tied with a ribbon. Authorized by Law 33/ 1947.

PROTECTORATE OF

BOHEMIA-MORAVIA

During the years following the estab- lishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia- Moravia zinc coinage in four denomina- tions was issued by the authorities. All

of this coinage was minted by Messrs. Vichr and Co. (at present the Kovono National Corp.), Lysa.

Zinc

1 korona (law 422/ 1941). Value be- tween two linden boughs.

50 haleru (law 25 5/ 1940). Two

sheaves tied with a ribbon.

20 haleru (law 219 1940). A sheaf

with a sickle and ribbon.

10 haleru (law 405/ 1940). Charles bridge at Praha.

The total number of pieces of the coinage struck was

1 korona 102 million.

5 0 haleru 5 3 million.

20 haleru 106 million.

10 haleru 82 million.

LUXEMBOURG

A Grand Ducal Decree of September 29, 1947 authorized the issue of these new silver commemorative coins.

Denomin. Wght. Dia. Alloy 100 francs 25 gr. 37 mm. 835 % silver

165 % copper

50 francs 12.5 gr. 31 mm. 165% copper 20 francs 8.5 gr. 27 mm. 165% copper

The design for all pieces is similar, bearing a portrait of Prince Jean of Luxembourg on the obverse and an effigy of King John the Blind mounted on the reverse.

The decree authorizing the coins de- clares that they will be legal tender until August 28, 1948 at which time they will lose that status.

MEXICO

The Mexican Mint in its last pub- lished Report shows the following coin- age issued since 1940.

Silver

1 peso 1940, 43, 44, 45.

50 centavos 1942, 43, 44, 45.

20 centavos 1942, 43.

November- December, 1947

147

Coins of thf: World United States Coins

Copper Nickel

10 centavos 1940, 42, 45.

5 centavos 1942.

BRONZE

2 centavos 1941.

1 centavo 1940, 41, 42, 43.

BRONZE “Z”

20 centavos 1943, 44, 45.

5 centavos 1942, 43, 44, 45.

1 ce ntavo 1944, 45.

Bronze "Z contains 950% copper, 40% zmc and 10% tin whereas the older bronze pieces were made of an alloy of 950% copper, 25% zinc and 25% tin.

COMPLETE SET OF LIBERTY HEAD NICKELS

1883—1912

Proofs

All dates and both types of 1883 Two mintmarks not included

This is truly a superb set of this popular series. They are all brilliant including the 1885 and 1886. A col- lector trying to form a comparable one by shopping for individual pieces would find it almost impossible and quite likely more expensive in the long run. Housed in a National Coin Album. Price £165.00

UNITED STATES COINS

Varieties of the Roosevelt Dime

The first master die of this coin was not entirely satisfactory. The initials of the engraver ( IS) are not well formed, the lower lip is not fully defined and the hair presents a flat appearance. We .ire informed that only 100,000 coins were struck from this first die.

A new die has well defined initials (JS), the lip is more fully defined and the hair lines are much sharper, par- ticularly presenting a clean line at neck.

We have endeavored to illustrate the two varieties but the differences will not show up very strongly in the half tone process.

148

November-December, 1947

Coinage of the United States, by Mints,

During the Month of July, 1947

Denomination Philadelphia San Francisco Denver

SILVER

Half Dollars

Quarter Dollars $1,342,000.00

Dimes 49,000.00

MINOR

Five-cent pieces 877,400.00 $180,000.00

One-cent pieces 1 16,000.00

Coinage of the United States, by Mints, During the Month of August, 1947

San Francisco

Denomination Philadelphia

SILVER

Half Dollars

Quarter Dollars $139,000.00

Dimes 1 14,000.00

MINOR

Five-cent pieces 885,000.00

One-cent pieces

Denver

$674,000.00

$51,000.00

130,000.00

128,600.00

Coinage Executed for Foreign Governments

Mint Philadelphia Philadelphia	Country Ecuador Ethiopia	Metal Nickel Silver	Denomination 1 Sucre 50 Cents	No. of Pieces 7.805.000 3.080.000
	Coinage of the United	States, by Mints,
	During the	Month of September, S 947
Denomination	Philadelphia San Francisco	Denver
SILVER
Flalf Dollars
Quarter Dolla	IS		$110,000.00	$24,900.00
Dimes		$1,0 5 5,000.00 1 24,000.00	448,000.00
MINOR
Five-cent pieces	549,200.00
One-cent pieces		1 18,000.00	118,950.00
Coinage Exec	;uted for Foreign Governments
Mint	Country	Metal	Denomination	No. of Pieces
Philadelphia	Ecuador	Nickel	1 Sucre	6,016,000
Philadelphia	Ethiopia	Silver	50 Cents	7,112,000

November'December, 1947

149

LIST OF COINS FOR SALE

We have only single specimens of most of the coins in this list. In order to avoid disappoint- ment, order early and send a supplementary list.

Prices are net. Cash with order unless collector has an account with Wayte Raymond, Inc. Items from this list cannot be sent on approval but, if not satisfactory, may be returned within three days of receipt. Postage extra on orders under $5.00. Orders for less than $2.00 cannot be filled due to expense of handling.

Abbreviations: Unc. — Uncirculated. Mint — an uncirculated coin with mint lustre. Superb — an uncirculated coin of particularly fine striking and appearance. E.F. — Extremely Fine. V.F. — Very Fine. F. — Fine. V.G. — Very Good. Cm. — Countermarked. I. — left. r. — right: Std: — seated: Stg. — standing. CW — Coins of the World, 1 9t h or 20th Century.

WAYTE RAYMOND, INC.

P. O. BOX 431 MlNEOLA, N. Y.

B64 Argentina. 1813 8 Rcales. Ex. fine CW 5

B6^ 1844 Halt Real. Unc. CW 19

B66 1849 4 Reales. V.F. CW 21

B67 18 7 2 8 Reales. Cordoba. V.F. CW 3 7

B68 1882 Peso. Ex. fine. CW 60

B69 1883 70 Centavos. Unc. CW 61

B70 Australia. 1927 Canberra florin. Unc. CW 9

B71 Austria. 1780 Maria Theresa thaler. Famous trade coin. V.F.

B72 Bavaria. 1828 Thaler. Ludwig 1. Royal family. Superb B73 1877 Thaler. Maximilian II. Mariensaule. Unc.

B74 Belgium. 1939 70 Francs. Leopold III. Mint. CW 34 B7 7 Bolivia. 184 3 8 Sueldos. Bolivar head. Superb. CW 6 B76 187 7 4 Sueldos. Bolivar head. Unc. CW 10

B77 1862 8 Sueldos. 400Gs. Unc. CW 22

B78 Bombay. 1 797 7 Cash. 1794 10, 20 Cash. Gilt proofs. CW^ 7, 9, 10

B79 Brazil. 1817 960 Reis. John P R. Ex. fine. CW 86

B80 182 7 320 Reis. Peter I Very fine. CW 109

B81 1827 640 Reis. Peter I. Superb. CW 110

B82 1823 960 Reis. Peter I. Very fine. CW 111

B8 3 1871 700 Reis. Peter II. Proof. CW 123

B84 ( 1 808' 10) Minas. Spanish dollar cm. with arms, globe and value 960. Very tine.

CWr 178

B87 1828 40 Reis. Cuiaha mint. Unc. CWr 400

B86 British Dollar. 1899 Britannia stg. V.F.

B87 British West Africa. 1938 Set 3, 6d„ 1, 2 Shil. George VI. Unc. CW 1619

B88 Brunswick. 187 7 Double thaler. William. Ex. tine

B89 Canada. 1937 Dollar. George V Jubilee. Mint. CW 13

B90 1937 Specimen set of 6 coins in card box. Superb. CW 22-27

B91 1939 Dollar. Parliament buildings. Mint. CW 28

B92 Chile. 1822 Peso. Volcano. Superb. CW 1

B93 1873 Peso. Condor. Uncirculated. CW 21

B94 (1879). Provisional peso. Copiapo. Fine. CW P 1

B9 7 Chinese Turkestan. 1903 (A.H. 1 320) 7 Miscals. Urumchi. Fine. CW 17

6.00

3.70

2.27

7.00

4.00

1.70 2 27

2.00

7.00

2.00

3.70 7.00

2.70 7.00

7.00

3.00

3.70

3.70

2.70

1.27

7.70

2.70

2.00

2.70

4.00

3.00

7.70

2.27

6.00

1.70 4.00

6.70

150

November-Dccemher, 1047

List of Coins For Sale

B96 1905 3 Miscals. Same type. Very tine. CW 18 5.00

B97 1321. A.H. 5 Miscals. Aksu. Fine. CW 22 12.50

B9S Colombia. 1834 8 Reales. Bogota. Unc. CW 22 4.00

B99 Costa Rica. 1887 50 Centavos. Ex. fine. CW 26 2.00

C01 Cuba. 1897 Souvenir Peso. Unc. CW 1 2.50

C02 Dutch Guiana. 1764 Doit. Coffee plant. Very tine 2.50

C03 Ecuador. 1884 Sucre. Birmingham. Very fine CW 19 2.50

C04 1896 Sucre. Lima. Very tine CW 19 2.00

CO 5 France. 1790 Ecu. Louis XVI. Royal type. Strasbourg. Superb, proof-like 7.50

C06 An 12. Napoleon, First Consul. 5 Francs. Superb toned proof. CW 3 5 12.50

C07 1811 5 Francs. Napoleon, emperor. Paris. Unc. CW 67 5.00

C08 1814 5 Francs. Paris. Superb. CW 67 5.00

C09 181 5 5 Francs. Louis XVIII. Bordeaux. Unc. CW 76 7.50

CIO 1819 5 Francs. Louis XVIII. Rouen. Superb. CW 77 6.00

Cl 1 1828 5 Francs. Charles X. Paris. Superb. CW 82 5.00

Cl 2 1831 5 Francs. Louis'Philippe. Paris. Unc. CW 87 5.00

Cl 3 1838 5 Francs. Louis-Philippe. Paris. Superb. CW 89 4.00

Cl 4 1850 5 Francs. Republic. Ceres head. Paris. Unc. CW 97 5.00

Cl 5 1854 5 Francs. Napoleon III. Paris. Brilliant proof. CW 106 10.00

C16 1862 5 Francs. Napoleon III. Paris. Laureated. Superb. CW 111 6.00

Cl7 1870 5 Francs. Third Republic. Ceres head. Paris Unc. CW 124 6.00

Cl 8 1870 5 Francs. Hercules etc. Paris. Unc. CW 131 5.00

C19 1871 5 Francs. Commune. Trident symbol. Unc. CW 131a 12.50

C20 Great Britain. 1797 Twopence. Cartwheel. Unc. part red. CW 10 5.00

C21 1891 Crown. Victoria. Jubilee type. Ex. tine. CW 56 4 00

C22 1892 Maundy Set. Victoria Jubilee. Unc. CW 63 3.00

C23 Guatemala. 1847 8 Reales. Very fine. CW 1 2.50

C24 1859 Peso. Carrera head. Very tine. CW 6 7.50

C25 ( 1840) Peso. Prov. cm. on Peru 8 Rls. 1833. Fine. CW 64 6.00

C26 Honduras. 1884 50 Centavos. Unc. CW 20 2.50

C27 Hungary. 1936 2 Pengo. Liszt Commemorative. Mint CW 8 2.50

C28 India. Hyderabad 1903 Rupee. Char. Minar. Unc. CW 10 2.50

C29 Indo-China. 1889 Piastre Superb. CW 1 4.00

C30 Isle of Man. 1709 Penny Cast coin. Very fine 3.00

C31 Italy. 5 Francs 1813. Cattaro provisional. V.F. CW 2 12.50

C32 Jamaica. 1894 ]/4) Zl pence. Proofs. CW 2, 3 3.00

C33 Madras. 1797 1/48 Rupee. Gilt proof. CW 27 Murdock coll. 5.00

C34 Martinique. 1897 50 Centimes. Essai in thick piefort. Edge inscribed 10.00

C35 Mexico. 1812 Half real. Morelos. Very fine. CW 118 3.50

C36 1812 8 Reales. Morelos. Fine. CW 128 3.50

C37 1813 8 Reales. Morelos. Fine CW 129 2.50

C38 1813 8 Reales. Morelos. Very fine. CW 131 5.00

C39 181 3 8 Reales. Tierra Caliente. Very fine. CW 1 39 7.50

C40 1812 Half real. Supreme Council. Ex. tine. CW 140 8.00

C41 1822 8 Reales. Augustin. Ex. tine. CW 150 3.50

C4 2 Netherlands. 1793 3 Gulden. Neerlandia. Ex. fine. CW 2 4.00

C43 New Zealand. 1940 Centennial half crown. Mint. CW 12 2.00

C44 Persia. 1304 A.H. 5 Krans. Reza khan Pahlevi. Ex. F. CW 75 4.00

C4 5 Philippine Islands. 1897 Peso. Alfonso XIII. V.F. CW 19 2.00

A Long Awaited Publication—

COINS OF THE WORLD

Nineteenth Century Issues

ml

Containing an extensive list of the silver and minor coins issued by the countries of the whole world, their colonics or dependencies, with illustrations of the principal or most interesting types and giving the average valuation among collectors and dealers.

Probably the most extensively illustrated book on coins ever published.

A geographical arrangement of the contents pres- ents the closely allied coinages in their proper sections and avoids the artificial groupings resulting from an a! pliahet ical arrangement.

Large octavo, full cloth, over 250 pages Price $3.50 net

Mav he ordered from any coin dealer Published by

WAYTE RAYMOND, Incorporated

NEW YORK

Kor further information and complete descriptive circular write our mail order department

P. (). Box 431 Mineola, N. Y.